Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, often starting with a barely noticeable tremor in one hand. While tremors are a common symptom, the condition also causes stiffness and slowing of movement. In the early stages of Parkinson’s, a person’s face may show little or no expression, and their arms may not swing naturally while walking. Speech may become soft, slurred, or monotone. Over time, the symptoms worsen and can interfere with daily activities, balance, and coordination.
Parkinson’s is caused by the gradual breakdown or death of dopamine-producing neurons in a region of the brain called the substantia nigra. The exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role.
Although there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, medications can greatly reduce symptoms. Levodopa is the most common treatment, helping replenish dopamine levels. In some cases, surgical options like deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be recommended. Physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle changes can also improve quality of life.